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CYST REMOVAL

Skin “cysts” are most commonly epidermoid cysts (often mislabeled “sebaceous cysts”) or pilar cysts. Both are benign, walled-off sacs beneath the skin that collect keratin. They’re frequent on the scalp, face, neck, and trunk, and can occasionally become inflamed or secondarily infected if their contents leak into surrounding tissue.

  • Epidermoid (“sebaceous”) cysts: These arise from the upper hair-follicle/epidermal lining, not from true sebaceous (oil) glands. A blocked follicular opening traps keratin inside, and the sac enlarges over time.
  • Pilar (trichilemmal) cysts: These form from the outer root sheath of hair follicles, classically on the scalp. They’re often firm, smooth, and mobile. They can run in families.

COMMON CHARACTERISTICS

  • Feel/look: Dome-shaped, mobile nodule under the skin; epidermoid cysts may show a tiny central punctum.
  • Discharge: Can drain thick, cheesy keratin (often with odor) if opened or ruptured.
  • Flare-ups: Redness, swelling, and tenderness when inflamed/infected.
  • Red flags (seek prompt assessment): Rapid growth, fixation to deeper tissue, ulceration, unusual firmness, or size >5 cm.

CAUSES & PREVENTION

  • Why they occur: Follicle blockage (often no clear trigger), minor trauma, acne/occlusion, and genetic predisposition (notably with pilar cysts).
  • Prevention limits: There’s no guaranteed prevention. Helpful habits include not picking at bumps, gentle skin/hair care to reduce follicular occlusion, and addressing acne or chronic friction/pressure sites. Even with excellent care, some cysts still form or recur.

TREATMENT & PROCEDURE

Do all cysts need removal?

No. Observation is reasonable if the cyst is small and symptom-free. We recommend removal for recurrent inflammation, infection, growth, pain, frequent trauma/irritation, or if you simply prefer it removed.

Some cysts stay stable for years or flatten after rupturing; others enlarge, inflame, or become infected, causing pain and drainage. Because behavior is unpredictable, we recommend medical evaluation to confirm the diagnosis and discuss whether observation or removal suits you best.

What does the procedure involve, and is it painful?

Under local anesthesia, an elliptical excision is designed to remove the punctum in the skin. The cyst is then removed in its entirety including its sac. Excising it with its sac significantly reduces the risk of recurrence. Typically the incision required to do this is slightly longer than the diameter of the cyst.

RISKS, RECOVERY, AFTERCARE

What are the risks?


Common risks include bleeding, infection, scarring, and recurrence (more likely if the capsule tears or if only incision-and-drainage is done for an acute infection). Rarely, seroma/hematoma or delayed wound healing can occur.

What do you recommend for aftercare?

Goal: keep the site clean, reduce swelling, and support smooth healing.
Do:

  • Keep the dressing clean and dry; change as instructed.
  • Use prescribed topicals/oral meds (e.g., antibiotic ointment) exactly as directed.
  • Elevate/compress the area if advised to limit swelling/bruising.
  • Resume everyday activities as cleared; follow up for suture removal (often 7–14 days by location).

Don’t:

  • Don’t do strenuous activity or movements that pull on the incision until cleared.
  • Don’t pick/scratch at the site or remove scabs/sutures early.
  • Don’t shave or exfoliate over the area while healing.
  • Don’t sun-expose the fresh scar; protect with clothing/approved sunscreen once closed.

Costs

What does cyst removal cost?

Cyst removal generally costs between $495 and $1,500+ per lesion, depending on the size, location, and complexity. Common, small, or non-complex sebaceous/pilar cysts typically start around $545–$650. Cyst removal procedures are not covered by OHIP as they are considered cosmetic.

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