Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by facial redness, frequent flushing, visible blood vessels, and, in some cases, acne-like bumps or eye irritation. It most commonly affects adults between the ages of 30 and 60, particularly those with fair skin, though it can occur in any skin type. Because rosacea may resemble blushing, sun sensitivity, or adult acne, it is often misdiagnosed or untreated, despite being a medical condition with effective management options.
Rosacea typically follows a pattern of flares and remissions, with symptoms that may worsen in response to sun exposure, heat, alcohol, spicy foods, stress, wind, or temperature changes. Clinical features can include persistent central facial redness, visible capillaries (telangiectasia), inflammatory papules or pustules (without blackheads), burning or stinging sensations, dryness, swelling, and uneven texture. In more advanced cases, thickening of the skin—particularly of the nose (rhinophyma)—may develop. Some individuals also experience ocular rosacea, which can cause watery or bloodshot eyes, eyelid irritation, and a gritty or burning sensation.
The underlying cause of rosacea is multifactorial, involving abnormal immune and neurovascular responses, genetic predisposition, skin-barrier dysfunction, and the presence of microorganisms such as Demodex mites. While rosacea cannot be cured, it can be effectively controlled with a personalized, evidence-based approach that addresses both symptoms and triggers.
